Class 12 Organic Chemistry|Haloalkane Full Note with Important Exam based MCQ

           Class 12 Organic Chemistry|Haloalkane

                                      Full   Notes

 

special thanks to our member sobha xettri

        Some important topics for organic chemistry:

     

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY :

---

SET A: Lab preparation ( Reaction only)  of :

• Chloroform (trichloro methane )
• Nitrobenzene
• Formic acid (methanoic acid)
• Aniline
• Diethyl ether (Ethoxy ethane)

SET B: Almost one sure :

• Identification of 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols by Victor Meyer’s method.
• Separation of 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ amines by Hoffmann’s method.

SET C: Name reactions:

1. Aldol condensation reaction
2. Cannizaro’s reaction
3. Perkins condensation
4. Claisen Condensation reaction.
5. Benzoin condensation
6. Carbylamine reaction
7. Reimer Tiemann reaction
8. Coupling reaction( preparation of azo dyes)
9. Diazotization reaction
10. Friedel- Craft’s reaction
11. Hoffmann’s Bromamide reaction( Decarbonylation reaction)
12. Esterification reaction
13. Carbonylation reaction (Oxo process)
14. Williamsan’s etherification reaction
15. Rosenmund reduction

SET D: Test reaction:

1. Iodoform test
2. Silver mirror test( reaction with Tollen’s reagent)
3. Nitrous acid test of 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ amines.
4. 2,4 – DNP test
5. Carbylamine test ( test of primary amines)

1. SET E: Important reactions:

   1. Reduction of nitrobenzene in different medium.
   2. Preparation of alcohols using Grignard reagent.
   3. Oxidation of alcohols.
   4. Fermentation
   5. All reactions of chloroform.

   SET F: Reactions to prepare : (with one use)

   1. DDT                   4. Picric acid
   2. BHC                   5. Urotropin
   3. Chloropicrin.   6. TNT

   SET G : Convert:

1. 1-bromopropane to 2- bromopropane and vice- versa.
2. 1- propanol to 2- propanol and vice versa.
3. Methanamine to ethanamine and vice versa.
4. Phenol to anisole(methoxy benzene) and vice versa.
5. Ethoxy ethane to methoxy ethane.
6. Phenol/aniline to azo-dye.
7. Ethanal/ ethanol to 3-hydroxy butanal.
8. Ethanol to 2- hydroxy propanoic acid.
9. Propanone(acetone) to 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propanoic acid.
10. Phenol to toluene.
11. Ethanol to propanol/ propanoic acid.
12. Methanamide to ethanamine.

2. Some Important  questions of Organic Chemistry:

   ---

   1. Why is chloroform stored in a dark bottle containing ethanol?
   2. Why does chloroform not give white ppt. with aq. AgNO₃?
   3. Why is nucleophilic substitution reaction difficult in haloarene?
   4. Why is boiling point of ethanol greater than that of ethoxy ethane?
   5. Why is phenol more acidic than aliphatic alcohol?
   6. Why does nitrobenzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction at meta position? ( Explain why –NO₂ group is meta directing towards electrophilic aromatic substitution)
   7. Why is chlorobenzene o/p – directing towards electrophilic substitution reaction?
   8. It is dangerous to boil a sample of ether stored for a long time, give reason.
   9. Ether is stored in a bottle containing iron wire, why?
   10. Give a suitable test to distinguish ethanamine from N-methyl methanamine.
   11. Write a chemical test to distinguish ethanoic acid(acetic acid) from methanoic acid(formic acid).
   12. Why is chloroacetic acid stronger acid than acetic acid?
   13. Why is formic acid stronger acid than acetic acid?
   14. Why amino group of aniline is protected before nitration?(Aniline can not be nitrated directly, why?)
   15. Write the functional isomers of C₃H₆O with their IUPAC name. Give a chemical test to distinguish them.
   16. Write an unsymmetrical ether of C₃H₈O. How would you prepare this ether using Williamson’s synthesis?
   17. Write down possible isomeric amines of C₃H₉N and give their IUPAC names.

   What happens when:

1. Sodium benzoate is heated with sodalime.
2. Phenol is heated with zinc dust.
3. Chlorobenzene is treated with chloral .
4. Ethyl alcohol(ethanol) is treated with acetic acid(ethanoic acid)
5. Phenol is treaded with aq. Br₂.
6. Aniline is treated with aq. Br₂.
7. Phenol is treated with benzene diazonium chloride.
8. Ethoxy ethane is treated with excess HI.
9. Methanal(formaldehyde) is treated with ammonia.
10. Methanal / benzaldehyde is treated with NaOH .
11. Ethanal/propanone is treated with NaOH .
12. Aldehyde/ketone is treated with hydroxyl amine.
13. Ethanol is heated with conc. H₂SO₄.
14. Acetic acid is treated with P₂O₅.

APPLIED CHEMISTRY

---

1. Write monomers and one use of:

(a)Bakelite    (b)Nylon-6,6

(c)polyvinyl chloride(PVC)     (d) Teflon

2. Write example and one use of:

• Analgesic , antipyretic, antibiotics and antiseptic drug.
• Herbicide and Pesticide
• Germicide and Insecticide
• A synthetic fertilizer – nitrogen fertilizer/Phosphorus (phosphatic) fertilizer, mixed(NPK) fertilizer.

3. Write the flow sheet diagram for the production of cement.

4. Differentiate between OPC and PPC cement.

5. Write the flow sheet diagram for paper production.

---

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY :

---

1. Selection of indicators.
2. Different concepTs of acids and bases and their limitations
3. Common ion effect and solubility product principle and its application salt analysis (precipitation reaction).
4. Buffer solution.
5. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
6. Standard electrodes.
7. Hess law.
8. Prediction of feasibility/ spontaneity of reactions in terms of free energy change, entropy change and enthalpy change.
9. Differences between order and molecularity of reaction.
10. Collision theory of reaction rate.
11. Factors affecting rate of reaction.
12. Derivation of integrated rate equation and half life for first order reaction.

---

Some Important questions from physical chemistry :

---

1. Define the terms:

• Normality and Normality factor
• End point and Equivalent point
• Titration error
• Seminormal solution and Decinormal solution
• Indicator
• Standard solution(primary and secondary) with example.

2. What are primary standard substances? What are the requisites for a substance to be primary standard?

3. Define molarity and normality. Write their relationship.

4. What happens when HCl is passed through saturated solution of NaOH?

5. Predict whether the aqueous solution of CuSO₄/CaCl₂/Na₂CO₃/NaCl is acidic basic or neutral. Give reason.

6.State Ostwald’s dilution law. What is the limitation of this law?

7. Define p^H and p^OH . Write their relation.

8. Define the terms:

• Electro chemical equivalent (ECE).
• Standard electrode potential.
• One Faraday

9. Mention one important application of standard hydrogen electrode giving example.

10. State first law of thermodynamics and point out its limitation.

11. Distinguish between intensive and extensive property with one example of each.

12. Define enthalpy of combustion and enthalpy of formation.

13. Draw energy profile diagram for exothermic and endothermic reactions.

14. Draw energy profile diagram for catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions.( How does catalyst increases the rate of reaction?)

15. State second law of thermodynamics. Explain this law on the basis of entropy change.

16. What is meant by effective collision of reacting species? What are the essential conditions for the effective collision of reacting species?

17. Find the unit of rate constant of: zero, first, second and third order reaction.

If you have any problem then drop it in our comment section we will try to solve and provide you .Thankyou